PipiWiki

List of electoral systems by country

Party-list proportional representation Plurality voting system Two-round system

This table deals with voting to select candidates for office, not for the passing of legislation.

Maps

Head of state Lower (or unicameral) house Upper house
Electoral systems for heads of state map.svg Electoral systems map.svg Electoral systems map for upper houses.svg
Single-member constituencies:
  First past the post (FPTP)
  Two-round system (TRS)
  Instant-runoff voting (IRV)

Multi-member constituencies, majoritarian:

  Majority bonus system (MBS)
  Block voting (BV) or mixed FPTP and BV
  Party block voting (PBV) or mixed FPTP and PBV
  Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) or mixed FPTP and SNTV
  Modified cumulative voting
  Modified Borda count

Multi-member constituencies, proportional:

  Party-list proportional representation (party-list PR)
  Binomial system
  Single transferable vote (STV)
 Mixed majoritarian and proportional:
  Mixed-member proportional representation (party-list PR and FPTP)
  Mixed-member proportional representation (party-list PR and TRS)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and FPTP)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and TRS)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and BV or PBV)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and SNTV)

Indirect election:

  Election by legislature
  Election by electoral college or local legislatures
  Partly election by electoral college or local legislatures and appointed by head of state


  Appointed by head of state
  No direct election
  No information/Unicameral legislature

Voting systems by country

Country Body System Seats per District Total seats Threshold
Afghanistan President Two-round system
House of the People SNTV 2-33 249
Albania President Elected by the Assembly
Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[1] 3-34 140[2] 3% (parties) or 5% (coalitions) of votes in respective district [1]
Algeria President Two-round system[3]
People's National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota)[3][4] 5-37, 2 (districts representing people abroad) [5] 462 [4] 5% of votes in respective district.[4]
Andorra General Council Parallel: Nationwide party lists / Constituency lists 14 / 2 28
Angola President FPTP
National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 5 per province, 130 across country, + 3 representatives from abroad 233
Antigua and Barbuda House of Representatives FPTP 1 17
Argentina President Modified Two-round system
(winner in 1st round with 45% of votes; or with 40% and a 10% lead over the second)
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 5-70 (Renewed by halves) 257 3%
Senate 2 seats to most voted party or coalition in each province, 1 seat to second most voted party or coalition (limited vote with closed lists) 3 72
Armenia President since 2018 is elected by members of parliament
National Assembly Two-tier Party list PR: Largest remainder. Nationwide Closed list and an Open list in each of 13 election districts. Party lists run-off FPTP to ensure stable majority of 54% if it is not achieved either immediately or through building a coalition.[6][7] at least 101 5% (parties), 7% (blocs)
Aruba Estates Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[8] 21[9] 21 4,76% (One quota)
Australia Senate STV 6 (12 per state, renewed by halves), 2 per territory [10] 76
House of Representatives IRV 1 151
Austria President Two-round system
Bundesrat Proportional to the distribution of seats in the state parliaments (so Party list PR) 3-12 votes 61 votes
Nationalrat Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) at district and regional levels, D'Hondt method for remaining votes at national level 183 4%
Azerbaijan President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 125
Bahamas House of Assembly FPTP 1 40
Bahrain Council of Representatives Two-round system 40
Bangladesh Jatiyo Sangshad FPTP 1 300+ 50 seats reserved for women
Barbados House of Assembly FPTP 1 30
Belarus President Two-round system[note 1][11][12]
House of Representatives Two-round system[note 2][11][12] 1 110
Belgium Chamber of Representatives Party list PR: flexible lists: D'Hondt method 3–22 150 5%
Belize National Assembly FPTP 1 29
Benin President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder (24 districts) 2-5 (average 35) 83
Bermuda House of Assembly FPTP 1 36
Bhutan National Assembly FPTP 1 47
National Council FPTP (20 seats) 1 130 + 20 appointed
Bolivia President Modified Two-round system
(winner with 50% of votes or 40% and a 10% lead over the second)[13]
Chamber of Deputies MMP:
FPTP (70 seats) /
Party-list proportional representation: Closed lists: D'Hondt method (60 seats)[14] 		1 / 5-29 [15] 130 3%
Senate Party list PR: D'Hondt method[14] 4 36
Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina FPTP 1 3 (one each of the three major ethnic groups)
House of Representatives Party list PR: Sainte-Laguë method 14, 28 42
Botswana National Assembly FPTP 1 57 + 4 co-opted + 2 ex officio
Brazil President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 8–70 513 1 Hare quota
Senate Bloc voting for dual-member elections, FPTP otherwise 1 or 2 (alternates each election) 81
Bulgaria President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[16] 4–14[16] 240 4%
Burkina Faso President Two-round system
National Assembly of Burkina Faso Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 2-16 127
Burma (Myanmar) People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw) FPTP 12 per region or state 440 (25% appointed by military)
National Assembly (Amyotha Hluttaw) FPTP 1 per township 224 (25% appointed by military)
Burundi President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 4–11 100 + 18–21 co-opted 2%
Cambodia National Assembly coexstence: Party list PR: D'Hondt method / FPTP 1-18 123
Cameroon President Two-round system
National Assembly coexistence: FPTP in single-member constituencies; in multi-member constituencies: party with over 50% of vote gets all seats, otherwise highest party gets half, rest distributed by Largest remainder (Hare quota) 1–7 180 5%
Canada House of Commons FPTP 1 338
Cape Verde President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2-15 72
Cayman Islands Legislative Assembly FPTP 1 18 + 2 ex officio [17]
Central African Republic President FPTP
National Assembly Two-round system 1 105
Chad President Two-round system
National Assembly coexistence: FPTP / list-PR (largest remainder) (closed list) but if one list >50% it gets all the seats [18] 188
Chile President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[19][20] 3-8 155
Senate Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[19][20] 2-5 50[19]
China National People's Congress Party list PR: Direct election of local People's Congresses and indirect election of all higher levels of People's Congresses 2987
Colombia President Two-round system
Chamber of Representatives Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2–18 162
Senate Party list PR: D'Hondt method 100 + 2 (indigenous) 102
Comoros President Two-round system
Assembly of the Union Two-round system 1 24 + 9 elected by lsemblies
Republic of the Congo President Two-round system[21]
National Assembly Two-round system 153
Costa Rica President Modified Two-round system (winner with 40% of votes)
Legislative Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder method 4-20 57
Croatia President Two-round system
Sabor Party list PR: D'Hondt method, plus some reserved for minorities and Croatians living abroad 14 153 5%
Cuba National Assembly of People's Power Two–round system, Endorsement of selected candidates 1 609
Cyprus President Two-round system
House of Representatives Party list PR: Open lists: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 3–20 80 (56 for Greek-Cypriots; 24 for Turkish-Cypriots (currently vacant)) and 3 observers from religious minorities 3.6%
Czech Republic President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 5–25 200 5% (party), 10/15/20% (coalition of 2/3/4+ parties),
Senate Two-round system 1 81
Democratic Republic of Congo President FPTP[22]
National Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder 1-17 500
Denmark Folketinget Party list PR: D'Hondt method (135 regional seats), Sainte-Laguë method (40 leveling seats) 179 2%
Djibouti President Two-round system
National Assembly 3-35 65
Dominica House of Assembly FPTP 1 21 + 9 appointed + Speaker + 1 ex officio
Dominican Republic President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2–36 150
Senate FPTP 1 32
East Timor President Two-round system
Parliament Parallel: Largest remainder (75 seats) / FPTP (13 seats) 75 / 1 88
Ecuador President Two-round system
National Congress Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 2–18 100
Egypt President Two-round system
House of Representatives Parallel: ... (448 seats) / Party list PR (120 seats)[23] 568 elected + 28 appointed
El Salvador President Two-round system
Legislative Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 3–20 84
Equatorial Guinea President FPTP[24]
Chamber of People's Representatives Party list 80
Estonia President Elected by the parliament (Riigikogu) or by special electoral body
Riigikogu Party list PR: D'Hondt method (12 districts) 5-14 (average 8.4) 101 5%
Ethiopia House of People's Representatives FPTP 1 546
Fiji House of Representatives Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method [25] 50 50 5%
Finland President Two-round system
Eduskunta (and MEPs) Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method (12 districts + 1 seat Åland FPTP) 7-35 (average 16.6) (+1 seat Åland) 200
France President Two-round system
National Assembly Two-round system 1 577
Senate Elected indirectly by approximately 150,000 officials ("grands électeurs"), including regional councilors, department councilors, mayors, city councilors in large towns, and members of the National Assembly 1 348
Gabon President FPTP
National Assembly Two-round system 111 + 9 appointed
Gambia President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 48 + 5 appointed
Georgia President Two-round system
Parliament Parallel: Party-list / FPTP 150 5%
Germany President Federal Convention Half the member are the Bundestag, the other half is appointed by state legislatures
Bundesrat appointed by the 16 State Governments respectively 3-6 votes 69 votes
Bundestag MMP: Sainte-Laguë using regional fixed lists / FPTP 299 (lists) / 1 (district) 598 + overhang seats + levelling seats 5% or 3 district seats
Ghana President Two-round system
Parliament FPTP 1 230
Greece President Elected by the parliament
Hellenic Parliament SMPR: 250 seats proportionally divided via several allocations; 50 bonus seats to the first party (until 2019)
Party-list proportional representation: all 300 seats proportionally divided via several allocations (after the 2019 elections) 		1–18 (5 on average) 300 3%
Grenada House of Representatives FPTP 1 15
Guatemala President Two-round system
Congress of the Republic Party list PR: D'Hondt method 29 / 1 158
Guinea President Two-round system
National Assembly Parallel: 76 Hare quota + 38 FPTP 76 / 1 114
Guinea-Bissau President Two-round system
National People's Assembly Party list (closed lists) (27 districts) 3.7 (average) 100
Guyana National Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 53 (+12 appointed by local councils)
Haiti President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Two-round system 1 99
Honduras President FPTP
National Congress Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 1-23 128
Hong Kong Legislative Council Parallel
District constituencies: Largest remainder (Hare quota)
Functional constituencies: FPTP, Bloc voting, IRV 		4–8 (District constituencies) / 1-3 (Functional constituencies) 70
Hungary President Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Parallel: 106 FPTP + 93 national list-PR 199 5% (10% for coalitions)
Iceland President FPTP
Alþing Party list PR: D'Hondt method 8-13 63 5%
India House of the People FPTP 1 545
Indonesia President Two-round system
People's Representative Council Party list PR: Open lists: Webster/Sainte-Laguë method 3-10 575 4% nationally
Regional Representatives Council SNTV 4 136
Iran President Two-round system
Majlis of Iran Plurality votingTwo-round system (25% of votes in 1st round) 1-30 290
Assembly of Experts Block voting 1-16 88
Iraq Council of Representatives Party list: open list: modified Sainte-Laguë method (18 districts = governorates) + 8 reserved for minorities 7-69 (average 17.8) 328
Ireland President IRV
Dáil Éireann STV 3–5 158[26]
Seanad Éireann Indirect election:
– 11 nominated by the Taoiseach
– 6 elected by the graduates of certain Irish universities:
3 by graduates of the University of Dublin
3 by graduates of the National University of Ireland
– 43 elected from five special panels of nominees (known as vocational panels) by an electorate consisting of TDs (member of Dáil Éireann), outgoing senators and members of city and county councils 		60
Israel President Elected by the Knesset
Knesset Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 120 120 3.25%[27]
Italy Chamber of Deputies 386 Party list PR, largest remainder (Hare quota) + 232 FPTP + 12 Largest remainder (Hare quota) for the Italians living abroad 2/8 630 3%
Senate SMPR: 193 list-Largest remainder + 116 FPTP + 6 Largest remainder (Hare quota) for the Italians living abroad 1/49 315 3%
Ivory Coast President Two-round system
National Assembly FPTP 1 225
Jamaica House of Representatives FPTP 1 60
Japan House of Representatives Parallel: FPTP (295 seats)[28] / Party list PR (Closed list) D'Hondt method (180 seats) 6-29 / 1 475
House of Councillors Parallel: SNTV (73 seats) / Party list PR (Open list) D'Hondt method (96 seats) 1-5 / 48 (Per election) 242 (Half of the seats are up each election.)
Jordan Chamber of Deputies Parallel: each voter has one vote for one candidate in one subdistrict of his choice in the district he lives in (like SNTV), one winner per subdistrict (like FPTP) (108 seats in 45 districts including 12 seats reserved for minorities) + 15 seats reserved for women (best losers) / Party list PR (closed lists) (27 seats) 2.4 (average) / 27 150
Kazakhstan President Two-round system
Majilis Party-list 98 + 9 members elected by electoral college 7%
Kenya President FPTP
National Assembly of Kenya FPTP (210 seats) (+ 12 seats appointed by parties proportional with seats already won) 1 210 elected + 12 appointed + 2 ex officio
Kiribati President FPTP
House of Assembly Modified runoff 40 + 1 delegate from Banaba Island and 1 ex officio
Kuwait National Assembly Single non-transferable vote (1 vote for 10 seats) 10 50
Kyrgyzstan President Two-round system
Supreme Council Proportional representation 120 (Elected as one at-large constituency)
Laos National Assembly Bloc voting 115
Latvia Saeima Party list PR: Sainte-Laguë method 14–28 100 5%
Lebanon Chamber of Deputies Party list PR:Open lists:D'Hondt method 5-13 128
Lesotho National Assembly MMP Party list (40 seats) / FPTP (80 seats) 120
Liberia President Two-round system
House of Representatives FPTP 1 73
Senate FPTP 2 per county, 1 per election 30
Liechtenstein Diet Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 10, 15 25 8%
Lithuania President Two-round system
Seimas Parallel: Largest remainder (70 seats) / Two-round system (71 seats) 70 / 1 141 5% (parties), 7% (coalitions)
Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies Party list PR:Open lists:D'Hondt method 7-23 60
Macau Legislative Council Party list / Functional constituencies / Appointed 12 29
Madagascar President Two-round system[29]
National Assembly coexistence: FPTP (87 seats) / Party list PR (Closed list) Highest averages method (64 seats)[29][30] 1 / 2 151
Malawi President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 194
Malaysia Dewan Rakyat FPTP 1 222
Maldives President Two-round system
Majlis FPTP 1 77
Mali President Two-round system
National Assembly Two-round system 160
Malta House of Representatives STV 5 65
Marshall Islands Legislature coexistence: FPTP (19 seats) / Bloc voting (14 seats) 1 / 2-5 33
Mauritania President Two-round system
National Assembly Parallel: 106 in 46 districts; in districts with 1-2 seats : Two-round system, in larger districts: List-PR (simple quota largest remainder; closed-list) + twice 20 nationally (one set of 20 reserved for women): List-PR (simple quota largest remainder; closed-list) 146
Mauritius National Assembly Bloc voting 2–3 62 + 8 'best losers' appointed
Mexico President FPTP
Chamber of Deputies Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) (200 seats) / FPTP (300 seats) 40 / 1 500
Senate Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) / winner takes 2, second takes 1 (limited vote with closed lists) 32 / 3 128
Federated States of Micronesia Congress FPTP 1 14
Moldova President Two-round system[31]
Parliament Party list PR: D'Hondt method 101 101 4%
Monaco National Council Parallel: Plurality-at-large voting in single nationwide constituency (16 seats); D'Hondt method (8 seats)[32] 24 5% (For proportional seats)[32]
Mongolia President Two-round system [33]
State Great Khural Parallel: Plurality-at-large voting (48 seats, 1-3 per district) Candidates have to get at least 28% of the votes in a district to get elected. If there are unfilled seat, a runoff is held with twice the number of candidates as there are unfilled seats / Party list PR (Closed list) Largest remainder (28 seats)

[34]

1-3, 28 76 5% (For proportional seats)
Montenegro Parliament Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 5, 76 81 3%
Montserrat Legislative Council 9 9
Morocco Assembly of Representatives Parallel: Largest remainder (295 seats) / list of women (30 seats) 325
Mozambique President Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Party list PR: D'Hondt method 250 250 5%
Namibia President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: Hare quota + 6 appointed 72 78
Nauru Parliament Modified Borda Count (Dowdall system, First ranked candidate gets 1 point, second 1/2, third 1/3 and so on.)[35] 2-4[35] 19[36]
Nepal Constituent Assembly Parallel: Party list PR: Closed lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë method / FPTP[37][38] 1, 335 575 elected + 26 appointed
Netherlands House of Representatives Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 150 150 0.67%
Senate Elected by members of states-provincial using Party list PR 75 75
New Zealand House of Representatives (Parliament) MMP: Sainte-Laguë method (48+ seats) / FPTP (72 district seats which also includes 7 seats reserved for Maori) 120 + overhang seats 5% or 1 district seat
Nicaragua President FPTP
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 1-20 92
Niger President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list (105 seats) + 8 from FPTP 113
Nigeria President Two-round system
House of Representatives FPTP 1 per federal constituency (5 - 24 per state, plus 2 for the federal capital) 360
Senate FPTP 3 per state (plus one for the federal capital) 109
Niue Assembly parallel: FPTP (14 seats) / Bloc voting (6 seats) 1 / 6 20
North Korea Supreme People's Assembly Endorsement of candidate 687
North Macedonia President Two-round system
Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 20 120
Norway Storting Party list PR: Open lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë method [39] 4–19 150 + 19 leveling seats 4% for leveling seats
Pakistan President Electoral college Electors consist of National Assembly, Senate and provincial assemblies
National Assembly FPTP (272 seats) (+ 70 members appointed by parties proportional with seats already won) 1 272 elected + 70 appointed (60 women + 10 non-Muslim)
Palau President Two-round system
House of Delegates FPTP 1 16
Senate FPTP 1 13
Palestine President FPTP
Legislative Council Parallel: Sainte-Laguë method (closed list; 66 seats) / Bloc voting or FPTP (66 seats) 66 / 1–9 132 2%
Panama President FPTP
National Assembly coexistence: Single-member constituencies: FPTP; multi-member: Saripolo or Sartori method (Largest remainder, but remainders only for those with no seats) 1–7 78
Papua New Guinea National Parliament IRV 1 109
Paraguay President FPTP[40]
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: D'Hondt method 1-19 80
Senate Party list PR: D'Hondt method 45 45
Peru President Two-round system
Congress of the Republic Party list PR: Largest remainder 1-35 130
Philippines President FPTP
House of Representatives Parallel: Party list (closed lists; modified Hare quota with 3-seat cap and no remainders; 57 seats in 2010, 58 in 2013, 59 in 2016, 61 in 2019) / FPTP (229 districts in 2010, 232 in 2013, 238 in 2016, 243 in 2019) 57 / 1 (2010), 58 / 1 (2013), 59 / 1 (2016), 61 / 1 (2019) 286 (2010), 292 (2013), 297 (2016), 304 (2019) 2%; parties with less than 2% of the vote may win seats if the list seats haven't been completely distributed.
Senate Bloc voting 12 / 1 24
Poland President Two-round system
Sejm Party list PR: D'Hondt method 7–19 460 5% (8% for coalitions, 0% for national minorities)
Senate FPTP 1 100
Portugal President Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 2–47 230
Romania President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[41] 4–29[42] + 1 seat for each national minority 330 (out of which 18 seats for the national minorities, 4 for the Romanians living abroad)[42] 5% on national level or 20% in at least 4 constituencies (parties), 8-10% (coalitions)[43]
Senate Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[41] 2–13[42] 136 (out of which 2 seats for the Romanians living abroad)[42] 5% on national level or 20% in at least 4 constituencies (parties), 8-10% (coalitions)[43]
Russia President Two-round system
State Duma Parallel voting: Party list (225 seats) / FPTP (225 seats) [44][45] 1, 225 450 5%
Rwanda President FPTP[46]
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Largest remainder 53 53 + 24 elected by provincial councils + 3 appointed 5%
Saint Kitts and Nevis National Assembly FPTP 1 11 + 3 appointed + 1 ex officio
Saint Lucia House of Assembly FPTP 1 17
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines House of Assembly FPTP 1 15 + 6 appointed
Samoa Fono coexistence: FPTP (35 seats) / Bloc voting (14 seats) 1 / 2 49
San Marino Grand and General Council SMPR using a D'Hondt method with national majority bonus 60
São Tomé and Príncipe President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list: closed lists (7 districts) 7.9 (average) 55
Senegal President Two-round system
National Assembly Parallel voting: 60 by PR, 90 by majority 150
Serbia President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 250 250 5% (0.4% for minorities)
Seychelles President FPTP
National Assembly Parallel: Hare quota (8 seats) / FPTP (25 seats) 9 / 1 34
Sierra Leone President Two-round system[47]
Parliament FPTP 1 112 + 12 Paramount chiefs 12.5%
Singapore President FPTP
Parliament coexistence: Bloc voting (closed list) (79 seats) / FPTP (14 seats)[48] 4 or 5 / 1 93 elected[49] + 11 appointed (9 NMP + 2 NCMP)
Slovakia President Two-round system
National Council of the Slovak Republic Party list PR: flexible lists: Hagenbach-Bischoff 150 150 5% / 7% (coalitions of 2-3 parties) / 10% (coalitions of at least 4 parties)
Slovenia President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method (88 seats) + 2 seats by Borda Count 11/8 + 2 single-seat constituencies 90 4%
Solomon Islands National Parliament FPTP 1 50
South Africa National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: Droop quota 400 400
South Korea President FPTP
National Assembly Parallel: Party list (closed lists: modified Hare quota largest remainder method) (47 seats) / FPTP (253 seats) 300 PR: 5 FPTP seats / 3%
Spain Congress of Deputies Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 1–35 350 3%
Senate Limited vote (3 votes for 4 seats) (208 members), appointment by regional legislatures (51 members) 2–4 259
Sri Lanka President Sri Lankan contingent vote
Parliament Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 4-20 225
Suriname National Assembly of Suriname Party list (10 districts) 2-17 51
Sweden Riksdag Party list PR: Open lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë 2-38 349 4% (or 12% in a constituency)
Switzerland National Council Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 1–-34 200
Council of States Varies with canton (generally Two-round system) 1–2 46
Syria President Two-round system[50]
People's Council
Taiwan (Republic of China) President FPTP
Legislative Yuan Parallel: FPTP (73 seats) / Party-list PR (Hare quota) (34 seats)
Aboriginal seats: SNTV (6 seats) 		1
Aboriginal constituencies: 3 		113 5%
Tajikistan President FPTP
Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan Parallel: Party list (22 seats) / Two-round system single-member constituencies (41 seats) 63 5%
Tanzania President Two-round system[51]
National Assembly Parallel: Party list (113 seats) / FPTP (264 seats) + 5 Elected Indirectly by Zanzibar's Legislature + 5 Appointed by the President + 1 Ex-officio[52] 113/1/5/6 324
Thailand House of Representatives MMP: Party list (150 seats) / FPTP (350 seats) 150/1 500
Togo President Two-round system
National Assembly of Togo Two-round system 81
Tonga Legislative Assembly Two-round system 9 + 9 elected by nobles + 10 members of Privy Council + 2 governors
Trinidad and Tobago House of Representatives FPTP 1 41
Tunisia President Two-round system[53][54]
Assembly of the Representatives of the People Party-list PR: Closed list: Largest remainder method (Hare Quota) [55][56] 4-10 (Seats in Tunisia), 1-5 (Seats for Tunisians abroad) 217
Turkey President Two-round system
Grand National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 1-35 600 10%
Turkmenistan President FPTP
Assembly Two-round system 50
Tuvalu Parliament coexistence: Bloc voting (14 seats) / FPTP (1 seat) 2 / 1 15
Uganda President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 214 + 78 from various groups
Ukraine President Two-round system if a candidate can not capture more than 50% of the vote in the first round.[57]
Verkhovna Rada Parallel: Party list PR: Closed list: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) / FPTP[58] 225 / 1 450 5%
United Kingdom House of Commons FPTP 1 650
United States President Electoral college members chosen using FPTP on a per state basis, except in Maine and Nebraska, where two electors are chosen on a statewide basis, and one elector is chosen from each Congressional district on a per district basis.

49 states, including Nebraska, all used FPTP for presidential general elections, while Maine will begin use IRV in 2020.

Party nominees chosen by delegates allocated in state primaries with varying methods by state and party.

House of Representatives FPTP for all seats in 45 states except: Two-round system in Georgia and later soon Mississippi,[59][60][61] nonpartisan blanket primary in California, Louisiana[62] and Washington[note 3][note 4] and IRV in Maine.[63][64][65] 1 435 + 6 non-voting members
Senate 2 per state, 1 per election 100
Uruguay President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2-42 99
Chamber of Senators Party list PR: D'Hondt method 30 30 + vice-president
Uzbekistan President Two-round system
Vanuatu Parliament SNTV 52
Venezuela President FPTP
National Assembly Parallel: Regional party list (closed list; D'Hondt method) (52 seats) / FPTP or bloc voting, and FPTP in districts reserved for indigenous peoples (113 seats) 2 (20 states)-3 (4) / 1 (68 districts), 2 (15), and 3 (4); at least 1 district per state. The three indigenous' districts comprise some whole states 165
Vietnam National Assembly 498
Yemen President Two-round system
Assembly of Representatives FPTP 1 301
Zambia President Two-round system[66]
National Assembly FPTP 1 150
Zimbabwe President Two-round system[67]
House of Assembly Parallel: FPTP (210 seats) / Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) (60 seats, 6 for each province, reserved for women, and based on vote in the districts)[68][69][note 5] 1, 6 (Women's lists) 210 + 60 reserved for women
Senate Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) (60 seats, 6 for each province, based on vote for national assembly). Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV,[71] 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs, 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.[68][69] 6 (directly elected seats) 60 directly elected + 20

Key

Seats per district
Most elections are split into a number of electoral districts. In some elections, there is one person elected per district. In others, there are many people elected per district. Electoral districts can have different names, see list of electoral districts by nation.
Total number of seats
the number of representatives elected to the body in total.
Election threshold
see Election threshold
FPTP
Using the system of First Past The Post voting to pick a single winner per district
Party list
One of many Party-list proportional representation systems. Where possible, this has been replaced by the allocation system used within the party-list (e.g. D'Hondt method)
Parallel voting
This means that two simultaneous systems are used to elect representatives to the same body. If there is interchange between the two systems (e.g. the number elected in one system affects the number elected in the other) then this is called the additional member system.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ For a round to be declared valid, the turnout must be at least 50% of voters in the electoral register.
  2. ^ For the first round of elections to be declared valid, at least 50% of voters in the electoral register must have voted. For the runoff round between the top two candidates, the requirement is 25%.
  3. ^ Louisiana uses a variant of the blanket primary with the primary at the day of the general election, with a runoff if no candidate receives a majority, while California and Washington has a primary before the general election with the top-two candidates facing off in the general election regardless of whether one has a majority or not. Several states use runoff voting in the partisan primaries.
  4. ^ Elections in the United States commonly feature partisan primary elections run by the state (as opposed to by the parties), see Primary election#Primaries in the United States
  5. ^ The constitution specifies the extra 60 seats for women only for the two first parliaments. The first parliament elected with this constitution was in 2013[70]

References

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